Er. Chhungpuia Renthlei
Satellite hi awm lo ta se, tunlai digital khawvela technology mobile phone, television, GPS, weather forecast, online banking, TV live telecast ,Google Maps, DD Free Dish, weather report, Internet leh disaster warning system te hi kan hmu lovang. He thuziak pawh hi i chhiar thei kher lovang.
Satellite chu eng nge?
Enge atangkaina?
Engati nge lei atanga san zawng inang lo tak tak an dah?
Aw le, Heng zawhna te hi i hre chiang duh tak tak anih chuan han in siamrem la, uluk deuhvin han chhiar ve rawh le.
SATELLITE HI ENGE NI LE?
Senior Technical Officer
NIELIT Aizawl
Satellite hi awm lo ta se, tunlai digital khawvela technology mobile phone, television, GPS, weather forecast, online banking, TV live telecast ,Google Maps, DD Free Dish, weather report, Internet leh disaster warning system te hi kan hmu lovang. He thuziak pawh hi i chhiar thei kher lovang.
Satellite chu eng nge?
Enge atangkaina?
Engati nge lei atanga san zawng inang lo tak tak an dah?
Aw le, Heng zawhna te hi i hre chiang duh tak tak anih chuan han in siamrem la, uluk deuhvin han chhiar ve rawh le.
SATELLITE HI ENGE NI LE?
Satellite thumal hi Latin tawng "satelles" atanga lakchhuah a ni. vengtu, tawiawmtu, kalna apianga zui rengtu emaw, kal hual rengtu tihna a ni. Tunlai science khawvelah Satellite chu eng thil(Object) pawh kalkawng (Orbit) mumal tak neia van boruaka Object dang heLkualtu te hi an ni. Satellite hi chi hnih a awm: Pakhat chu Pathian thil siam nihphunga awmsa satellitean tih mai Thla (Moon) in lei a hual vel reng leh Planet hrang hrang ten ni(sun) an hel te an ni. Hei hi Natural Satellite a ti. A dang leh chu Mihringin rocket hmanga vana a kah chhoh satellite te hi an ni. An hnathawh tur a zir zel a nn kalkawng (Orbit) ruahman lawkah Lei an hual. Heng te hi Artificial Satellite an ti
SATELLITE KHAWL LEH AN HNATHAWH DAN
Satellite hi khawl changkang tak, vansanga boruaka hnathawk tura uluk taka siam a ni. Khawl pawimawh zual te chu:
1. Bus (Spacecraft Body): Satellite ruangam leh a structure a ni a, a chhunga khawl hrang hrangte chelhkhawmtu leh venghimtu ber a ni.
2. Payload: Hei hi satellite khawl pawimawh ber leh siam chhan ber (a mission) a ni. Thlalakna camera te, radar te, leh communication transponder (signal thawn chhuaktu leh dawngtu) te an ni.
3. Power System: Satellite-in chakna (energy) a neihna a ni. A tlangpuiin solar panels (ni eng ațanga electric siamna) leh Batteries (ni eng a awm loh pawha hman tur) a awm.
4. Communications System (Antennae & Transmitters): Khawvel (Earth) nena inbiak pawhna hmanrua a ni a, data leh signal rang takin a thawn tawn thin.
5. Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS):Hei hi Satellite chevel thununtu ber a ni. Hei vang hian kalkawng dik taka zawh thei. A hawina lam tur dik tak a hawi reng thei. Thli thaw leh boruak danglam vangin a chesual lo.
6. Thermal Control System: Van boruak lum leh vawt lutuk laka venghimtu ber a ni.
COMMUNICATION ATANA SATELLITE HNATHAWH DAN:
Satellite hi vana arsi lem ang maia awm a, khawvel hmun khat ațanga signal lokal hmun dang, hla taka lo thawn chhawngtu (relay station) a ni ber. A kalhmang tlangpui chu hetiang hi a ni: A hmasa berah chuan Lei lama atanga Van sanga signal thawnchhoh hi a ni. Khawvel hmun pakhata Ground Station (Antenna lian pui) ațangin emaw, kan phone tower ațangin emaw data (aw, thlalak, video, internet) chu electromagnetic wave (radio wave/microwave) hmangin van sanga satellite awmna lamah chak takin an thawn chho ta a. Hei hi Uplink an ti.
Heng Signal te hi Satellite chuan a lo dawng ta a. Khawvel hmun hla tak tak ațanga rawn kal signal te hi Satellite awmna an rawn thlen meuh chuan an chak lo (Weak) tawh hle thin a. Satellite chhunga khawl pawimawh ber zinga mi Transponder chuan a lo tichak thar(amplify) vek a, insubuai lova thawnchhuah leh theih nan a tul ang zelin signal frequency a thlak danglam vek a. Hemi hnuah hian Satellite chuan van sang ațangin lei lamah an kalna tur hmun hrang hrang ruahman lawk ah a rawn thawn thla leh ta a.Van sanga ațanga lei lama signal rawn thawn thlak hi Downlink an ti.
Satellite kah chhuah tawh zat (2026 Thlengin)
Khawvela Satellite kahchhuah hmasak ber chu van ațanga radio signal thawn chhuah nan leh space science zir na tura kum1957 a Soviet Union (Russia) kahchhuah Sputnik 1 kha a ni.Kum 1970 a Japan in ram dang puihna tel loa satellite an dah thei a ni tih fiah nan leh engineering zir nana an kah chhuah Osumi kha Asia khawmualpuia hmasa ber a ni bawk.India satellite kahchhuah hmasak ber chu Aryabhata a ni. He Satellite hi India (ISRO) chuan Soviet rocket hmangin kum 1975 khan X-ray astronomy leh aeronomy zir nan a kap chhuak.
Kum 2026 kan hman mekah hian vana satellite kah chhuah zat hi a tam tawh hle. Khawvel pumah tunah hian Active Satellites hi 18,150 aia tama awm mek! Hetianga tam anih chhan ber hi Elon Musk-a Starlink internet satellite tam tak kahchhuah vang a ni. Starlink Satellite ringawt pawh hi 10,600 chuang a tling tawh. India ram hian kum 2026 thleng hian mahni puala satellite a kah chhuah leh tualchhung kutchhuak (Active Satellites) hi130 aia tam a nei tawh a, ram dang satellite a kah sak phei chu 300 chuang daih a ni bawk.
Satellite siam leh kah chhuah hi a hautak em em a, mahse technology a lo changkan takah hian a man a rawn tlawm tial tial a. SpaceX a rawn chhuah hnu phei hi chuan vana thil thawn chhuah man hi a hma aia a hmun nga velin a tlawm zawk tawh a ni.1957 ah Sputnik 1 kah chhuah a ni. 1975 ah India-in Aryabhata a kap chhuak. 1998 ah International Space Station (ISS) din țan a ni.2019 ahSpaceX-in Starlink mega-constellation (internet satellite) an kah chhuak țan. 2025/2026 ah NISAR(NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite hlawhtling taka kah chhuah a ni a, hei hi khawvela satellite man to ber pawl a ni.
GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite te leh SpaceX Starlink te hi khawvela Satellite kah chhuah zinga tangkai leh hlawhtling ber an ni. Vawiin thlengin khawvel hmun tina inbiak pawhna leh direction zawnna hian GPS hi nitin kan hmang reng a ni. America-in Russia chhanna atana an siam hmasak ber kha satellite kahchhuah hlawhchham lian ber pawl a ni. Kah chhuah atanga second hnih (2 seconds) vel lekah ah a puak chhe nghal vek a, khawvel hmaah an mualpho hle.
Satellite man to ber ni a an sawi chu NISAR Satellite hi a ni. US Dollar 1.5 Billion chuang man lai a ni. NASA leh India (ISRO) kutchhuak a ni a, khawvel leilung in thlak danglam dan leh chhiatrupna thleng tur lo hriat lawkna atan siam a ni. A pumpui thlir chuan 1998 a an siam International Space Station an kha a to ber chu an ni.Khawvela satellite zang ber leh tlawm ber pawl ni a an sawi chu India in India zirlai naupang te siam Kalamsat Satellite hi a ni. Rs 12 Lakh vel chauh man a ni a, 1.2 kg chauhva rit a ni.
SATELLITE LEH GOOGLE MAPS
Mi tam takin "Google Maps Satellite" an ti thin. Mahse Google Maps-in GPS satellite chauh a hmang lo. Location hriatna atan Navigation Satellite an hmang. Map leh satellite image atan Cartosat, Landsat, Sentinel leh satellite dangte pawh an hmang tel bawk. Hemi tana Satellite langsar zual te:NavIC (India). GPS (USA). Galileo (Europe). GLONASS (Russia). BeiDou (China).
INDIA SATELLITE-TE LEH AN HMANNA
India hian ISRO (Indian National Space And Aeronautics Agency) kaihhruaina hnuaiah satellite tam tak a siam tawh a. Hengte zingah NavIC (India GPS), INSAT, GSAT, Cartosat, RISAT, EOS leh Oceansat te hi Mobile communication, TV broadcast, weather forecast, cyclone warning leh India ram venhim nan ni tina kan hman tam ber an ni.
1. Television: Doordarshan (DD), DD Free Dish, Tata Play, Airtel Digital TV, Sun Direct atana Satellite an hmante: INSAT-4A. GSAT-30. GSAT-1.
2. Radio: All India Radio (AIR) leh FM Radio Broadcast atana Satellite an hman te:INSAT-4A. GSAT-30. GSAT-17
3. Internet: India ram hmun hrang hranga internet connection pek nana an hman te: GSAT-11. GSAT-29. GSAT-30. GSAT-6A
4. India GPS: Google Maps, Vehicle Tracking leh Marine Navigation atana hman te: NavIC (IRNSS). NVS-01. NVS-02
5. Weather Forecast: Cyclone, rain, cloud, temperature leh weather forecast atan an hman te:
INSAT-3DS. INSAT-3DR. Kalpana-1. Oceansat-3
6. Earth Observation: Agriculture, Smart City, Road Planning leh Disaster Management atan.
Cartosat-3. Resourcesat-2A. EOS-04. Oceansat-3
7. Radar Satellite: RISAT-2B leh EOS-04 hi ruahsur leh chhum zing kara thlalak nana an hmang
8. National Security: Border Surveillance, Secure Communication leh National Security atan.
GSAT-7 (Indian Navy). GSAT-7A (Indian Air Force). GSAT-7B (Indian Army). Cartosat-3. RISAT-2B
A tawp berah chuan, Satellite hi tunlai khawvel digital hmasawnna lungphum a ni. Satellite hi tunlai khawvel digital nun, hmasawnna leh himna innghahna pawimawh ber pakhat a ni. Television Broadcasting, Radio Broadcasting, Mobile Communication, Internet Service, GPS Navigation, Weather Forecast, Disaster Warning, Agriculture, Environmental Monitoring, National Security, Space Research ah te nitin kan hmang mek.
SATELLITE KHAWL LEH AN HNATHAWH DAN
Satellite hi khawl changkang tak, vansanga boruaka hnathawk tura uluk taka siam a ni. Khawl pawimawh zual te chu:
1. Bus (Spacecraft Body): Satellite ruangam leh a structure a ni a, a chhunga khawl hrang hrangte chelhkhawmtu leh venghimtu ber a ni.
2. Payload: Hei hi satellite khawl pawimawh ber leh siam chhan ber (a mission) a ni. Thlalakna camera te, radar te, leh communication transponder (signal thawn chhuaktu leh dawngtu) te an ni.
3. Power System: Satellite-in chakna (energy) a neihna a ni. A tlangpuiin solar panels (ni eng ațanga electric siamna) leh Batteries (ni eng a awm loh pawha hman tur) a awm.
4. Communications System (Antennae & Transmitters): Khawvel (Earth) nena inbiak pawhna hmanrua a ni a, data leh signal rang takin a thawn tawn thin.
5. Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS):Hei hi Satellite chevel thununtu ber a ni. Hei vang hian kalkawng dik taka zawh thei. A hawina lam tur dik tak a hawi reng thei. Thli thaw leh boruak danglam vangin a chesual lo.
6. Thermal Control System: Van boruak lum leh vawt lutuk laka venghimtu ber a ni.
COMMUNICATION ATANA SATELLITE HNATHAWH DAN:
Satellite hi vana arsi lem ang maia awm a, khawvel hmun khat ațanga signal lokal hmun dang, hla taka lo thawn chhawngtu (relay station) a ni ber. A kalhmang tlangpui chu hetiang hi a ni: A hmasa berah chuan Lei lama atanga Van sanga signal thawnchhoh hi a ni. Khawvel hmun pakhata Ground Station (Antenna lian pui) ațangin emaw, kan phone tower ațangin emaw data (aw, thlalak, video, internet) chu electromagnetic wave (radio wave/microwave) hmangin van sanga satellite awmna lamah chak takin an thawn chho ta a. Hei hi Uplink an ti.
Heng Signal te hi Satellite chuan a lo dawng ta a. Khawvel hmun hla tak tak ațanga rawn kal signal te hi Satellite awmna an rawn thlen meuh chuan an chak lo (Weak) tawh hle thin a. Satellite chhunga khawl pawimawh ber zinga mi Transponder chuan a lo tichak thar(amplify) vek a, insubuai lova thawnchhuah leh theih nan a tul ang zelin signal frequency a thlak danglam vek a. Hemi hnuah hian Satellite chuan van sang ațangin lei lamah an kalna tur hmun hrang hrang ruahman lawk ah a rawn thawn thla leh ta a.Van sanga ațanga lei lama signal rawn thawn thlak hi Downlink an ti.
Satellite kah chhuah tawh zat (2026 Thlengin)
Khawvela Satellite kahchhuah hmasak ber chu van ațanga radio signal thawn chhuah nan leh space science zir na tura kum1957 a Soviet Union (Russia) kahchhuah Sputnik 1 kha a ni.Kum 1970 a Japan in ram dang puihna tel loa satellite an dah thei a ni tih fiah nan leh engineering zir nana an kah chhuah Osumi kha Asia khawmualpuia hmasa ber a ni bawk.India satellite kahchhuah hmasak ber chu Aryabhata a ni. He Satellite hi India (ISRO) chuan Soviet rocket hmangin kum 1975 khan X-ray astronomy leh aeronomy zir nan a kap chhuak.
Kum 2026 kan hman mekah hian vana satellite kah chhuah zat hi a tam tawh hle. Khawvel pumah tunah hian Active Satellites hi 18,150 aia tama awm mek! Hetianga tam anih chhan ber hi Elon Musk-a Starlink internet satellite tam tak kahchhuah vang a ni. Starlink Satellite ringawt pawh hi 10,600 chuang a tling tawh. India ram hian kum 2026 thleng hian mahni puala satellite a kah chhuah leh tualchhung kutchhuak (Active Satellites) hi130 aia tam a nei tawh a, ram dang satellite a kah sak phei chu 300 chuang daih a ni bawk.
Satellite siam leh kah chhuah hi a hautak em em a, mahse technology a lo changkan takah hian a man a rawn tlawm tial tial a. SpaceX a rawn chhuah hnu phei hi chuan vana thil thawn chhuah man hi a hma aia a hmun nga velin a tlawm zawk tawh a ni.1957 ah Sputnik 1 kah chhuah a ni. 1975 ah India-in Aryabhata a kap chhuak. 1998 ah International Space Station (ISS) din țan a ni.2019 ahSpaceX-in Starlink mega-constellation (internet satellite) an kah chhuak țan. 2025/2026 ah NISAR(NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite hlawhtling taka kah chhuah a ni a, hei hi khawvela satellite man to ber pawl a ni.
GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite te leh SpaceX Starlink te hi khawvela Satellite kah chhuah zinga tangkai leh hlawhtling ber an ni. Vawiin thlengin khawvel hmun tina inbiak pawhna leh direction zawnna hian GPS hi nitin kan hmang reng a ni. America-in Russia chhanna atana an siam hmasak ber kha satellite kahchhuah hlawhchham lian ber pawl a ni. Kah chhuah atanga second hnih (2 seconds) vel lekah ah a puak chhe nghal vek a, khawvel hmaah an mualpho hle.
Satellite man to ber ni a an sawi chu NISAR Satellite hi a ni. US Dollar 1.5 Billion chuang man lai a ni. NASA leh India (ISRO) kutchhuak a ni a, khawvel leilung in thlak danglam dan leh chhiatrupna thleng tur lo hriat lawkna atan siam a ni. A pumpui thlir chuan 1998 a an siam International Space Station an kha a to ber chu an ni.Khawvela satellite zang ber leh tlawm ber pawl ni a an sawi chu India in India zirlai naupang te siam Kalamsat Satellite hi a ni. Rs 12 Lakh vel chauh man a ni a, 1.2 kg chauhva rit a ni.
SATELLITE LEH GOOGLE MAPS
Mi tam takin "Google Maps Satellite" an ti thin. Mahse Google Maps-in GPS satellite chauh a hmang lo. Location hriatna atan Navigation Satellite an hmang. Map leh satellite image atan Cartosat, Landsat, Sentinel leh satellite dangte pawh an hmang tel bawk. Hemi tana Satellite langsar zual te:NavIC (India). GPS (USA). Galileo (Europe). GLONASS (Russia). BeiDou (China).
INDIA SATELLITE-TE LEH AN HMANNA
India hian ISRO (Indian National Space And Aeronautics Agency) kaihhruaina hnuaiah satellite tam tak a siam tawh a. Hengte zingah NavIC (India GPS), INSAT, GSAT, Cartosat, RISAT, EOS leh Oceansat te hi Mobile communication, TV broadcast, weather forecast, cyclone warning leh India ram venhim nan ni tina kan hman tam ber an ni.
1. Television: Doordarshan (DD), DD Free Dish, Tata Play, Airtel Digital TV, Sun Direct atana Satellite an hmante: INSAT-4A. GSAT-30. GSAT-1.
2. Radio: All India Radio (AIR) leh FM Radio Broadcast atana Satellite an hman te:INSAT-4A. GSAT-30. GSAT-17
3. Internet: India ram hmun hrang hranga internet connection pek nana an hman te: GSAT-11. GSAT-29. GSAT-30. GSAT-6A
4. India GPS: Google Maps, Vehicle Tracking leh Marine Navigation atana hman te: NavIC (IRNSS). NVS-01. NVS-02
5. Weather Forecast: Cyclone, rain, cloud, temperature leh weather forecast atan an hman te:
INSAT-3DS. INSAT-3DR. Kalpana-1. Oceansat-3
6. Earth Observation: Agriculture, Smart City, Road Planning leh Disaster Management atan.
Cartosat-3. Resourcesat-2A. EOS-04. Oceansat-3
7. Radar Satellite: RISAT-2B leh EOS-04 hi ruahsur leh chhum zing kara thlalak nana an hmang
8. National Security: Border Surveillance, Secure Communication leh National Security atan.
GSAT-7 (Indian Navy). GSAT-7A (Indian Air Force). GSAT-7B (Indian Army). Cartosat-3. RISAT-2B
A tawp berah chuan, Satellite hi tunlai khawvel digital hmasawnna lungphum a ni. Satellite hi tunlai khawvel digital nun, hmasawnna leh himna innghahna pawimawh ber pakhat a ni. Television Broadcasting, Radio Broadcasting, Mobile Communication, Internet Service, GPS Navigation, Weather Forecast, Disaster Warning, Agriculture, Environmental Monitoring, National Security, Space Research ah te nitin kan hmang mek.
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