(An kahchhuah dan leh lei atanga an thunun dan)
Er. Chhungpuia Renthlei
Satellite chu eng thil(Object) pawh kalkawng (Orbit) mumal tak neia van boruaka Object dang hel kualtu te hi an ni Khawl changkang tak, vansanga boruaka hnathawk tura uluk taka siam a ni. Aw le, Satellite hi engtinge van sanga an kahchhuah, Engtinge, van sanga an awm reng theih tih leh lei lama tanga an enkawl dan kan sawi ang.
SATELLITE AN KAH CHHUAH DAN
Satellite hi a mah ngawtin vana a thlawh chhoh theih loh avangin Rocket hmanga kah chhuah a ni thin. A kalhmang chu hetiang hi a ni:
1. Lift-off (Kah Chhuahna):Hei hi hna hmasa ber a ni.Rocket hnuai lamah nasa takin alh leh khu a chhuak a, khawvel hiptu chakna hneh tur khawpa chak in a chho ta ngat ngat a ni.
2. Staging (Inphelh thawl): Hei hi zang thei ber tura insiamna a ni. Rihna titlem turin rocket hian a engine leh fuel tank a hman zawh tawh te chu a mal te tein vana atangin tlak thlak tir a. A chhipa satellite awmna chauh kha a chho ta zel a ni.
3. Fairing Separation: Hei hi Satellite khawl inzarpharh tanna a ni. Atmosphere (boruak chhah lai) a pelh hnuin satellite lo humhhimtu a chhipa phaw (fairing) kha a inhawng a, satellite chu boruak ruakah a lo lang ta a ni.
4. Insertion: Hei hi Satellite awmna hmun tur dik tak thlenpuina a ni.Engine hnuhnung ber a mih(stop) hnuin satellite chu a awmna hmun dik tak (orbit) ah dah a ni a, hetah hian a solar panel leh antenna te a rawn parh chhuak ta thin a ni. Centrifugal Force leh Gravity inhmurem tawk chiah tura balance fel taka a innghah hnuah khawl hrang hrang ten an hnathawh tur an thawk tan nghal thin.
VAN BORUAKA A AWMRENG THEIH DAN
Khawvel hian satellite hi Gravity (Lei Hipna) hmangin lei lamah a hip bet tlat a. Hetihlai hian satellite hian a ma chakna hmangin chak takin leihipna opposite lamah thlawh chhuah a tum ve thung a. Hei hi Centrifugal force an ti. Centrifugal Force leh Gravity hi inbuk tawk chiah tura siam anih avangin Satellite te hi leiah an rawn tla lova, vansang lamah an thlawk chhuaklo bawk. Zawi te te in khawvel an thlawh hual (orbit) ta tlut tlut mai a ni. Vawiin thleng hian vansang a Satellite inherkual dan leh kal dan hi Centrifugal Force leh Gravity inhmurem tawk chiah tura balance fel takah a innghat. Khawl felllo a awm a balance a hlauh chuan leiah a rawn tla emaw, vansang boruakah aa pilbo thin.
CHAKNA (POWER) A HMUH DAN
1. Nisa Chaktirna (Solar Energy): Chhun ni en laiin a thla kan tih mai solar panel lian pui pui te hi nisa lamah a lek chhuak a, Ni eng ațangin electric chakna Solar energy kan tih ang hi a siam chhuak thin.Hemi chakna hmang hian chhunah chuan han a thawk thin.
2. Batteries: Satellite hian Mobile phone leh electronics hmanraw dang ang bawkin Lithium-ion batteries battery thahnem tak a paipawn a. chhun lamah Mobile phone kan charge ang hian heng Batteries te hi a charge thin. Satellite hi khawvel hlimthla hnuai (a thim laiah) a luh changin solar panel hian hna a thawk thei lo a, chutiang hunah chuan chhun laia a lo khawl khawm tawh Lithium-ion batteries hmang hian a nung chhunzawm thin.
3. Nuclear Power: Deep Space Missions atan bikah chuan ni ațanga hla taka kal tur (Mars emaw a aia hla) te tan chuan nisa a chak tawk tawh loh vangin Nuclear Power an tih mai (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators - RTG) hman a ni thung.
LEI ATANGA SAN ZAWNG IN ANG LO TAK TAKA AN DAH CHHAN
Satellite te hian hna hrang hrang an thawh theih nan lei atanga an awmna hmun san zawng ruahman lawk vek a ni. He mi ang zel hian satellite chuan Lei a kal hual thin.Hemi kawng (Path) hi Orbit an ti. Orbit pawimawh pangnga (5) a awm.
1. VLEO (Very Low Earth Orbit): Altitude: 100–450 km. Lei hnaih ber Orbit a ni a, Communication delay a hniam ber. Earth image chiang takin a la thei Atmosphere avangin orbit a danglam theih vangin Orbit siamreng deuh reng a ngai.A hmanna:Thlalak fiah tha tak High-resolution satellite image.Military reconnaissance.Climate monitoring. Experimental communication. Satellite langsar zual te: GOCE (ESA).SLATS / Tsubame (Japan). SuperDove (Planet Labs)
2. LEO (Low Earth Orbit): Lei hnaih ber dawttu Orbit. Altitude160–2,000 km. Latency a hniam (20–40 ms). Minute 90–120 chhungin a helkual hman.Satellite tam tak dah theih. A hmanna: Khawvel pum huapa Broadband Internet connection pekna. Earth Observation. Weather Monitoring, Space Research. Remote Sensing atana hman a ni. Satellite langsar zual te: Starlink. International Space Station (ISS). OneWeb. India Satellite (Cartosat-3. RISAT-2B. EOS-04. Oceansat-3. Resourcesat-2A)
3. MEO (Medium Earth Orbit): Altitude 2,000–35,786 km. Latency a tlem. Satellite Area cover theih a zau.Satellite a dam rei. A hmanna: GPS. Navigation. Communication. Satellite langsar zual te: GPS (USA). Galileo (Europe).GLONASS (Russia). India Satellite ( NavIC (IRNSS). NVS-01.NVS-02)
4. GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit): Altitude: 35,786 km. Lei vir rual zela lei hualtu Orbit nghet nei . Lei hmun pakhat chungah a ding reng angin a lang. Latency a sang Satellite pakhatin lei hmun thum a thena hmun khat a huam. Satellite pathumin khawvel a tuam phak. A hmanna:Television Broadcasting. Satellite Internet.Weather Forecast. Disaster Communication. Satellite langsar zualte: GOES-19. INSAT-3DS. Intelsat-20. Hetiang Satellite hi India in a siam hnem ber te an ni. A langsar zual te chu GSAT-11.. GSAT-29. GSAT-30. INSAT-3DS. INSAT-3DR. INSAT-4A. GSAT-7. GSAT-7A. GSAT-7B. EDUSAT (GSAT-3)
5. HEO (Highly Elliptical Orbit): Altitude 500 km-40,000 km. Kalkawng(Orbit) an thlak kual reng thin.Polar Region-ah rei tak a awmLatitude sang hmun atan a tha. Communication delay a danglam reng. A hmanna: Arctic Communication. Polar Observation. Military Surveillance. Scientific Mission. Satellite langsar zual te: Molniya. Arktika-M. Sirius XM. India hian tun dinhmunah HEO orbit-ah operational satellite a la neilo.
ORBIT HRANG HRANGA A AWM TE HNATHAWH DAN TLANGPUI:
Senior Technical Officer
NIELIT Aizawl
Satellite chu eng thil(Object) pawh kalkawng (Orbit) mumal tak neia van boruaka Object dang hel kualtu te hi an ni Khawl changkang tak, vansanga boruaka hnathawk tura uluk taka siam a ni. Aw le, Satellite hi engtinge van sanga an kahchhuah, Engtinge, van sanga an awm reng theih tih leh lei lama tanga an enkawl dan kan sawi ang.
SATELLITE AN KAH CHHUAH DAN
Satellite hi a mah ngawtin vana a thlawh chhoh theih loh avangin Rocket hmanga kah chhuah a ni thin. A kalhmang chu hetiang hi a ni:
1. Lift-off (Kah Chhuahna):Hei hi hna hmasa ber a ni.Rocket hnuai lamah nasa takin alh leh khu a chhuak a, khawvel hiptu chakna hneh tur khawpa chak in a chho ta ngat ngat a ni.
2. Staging (Inphelh thawl): Hei hi zang thei ber tura insiamna a ni. Rihna titlem turin rocket hian a engine leh fuel tank a hman zawh tawh te chu a mal te tein vana atangin tlak thlak tir a. A chhipa satellite awmna chauh kha a chho ta zel a ni.
3. Fairing Separation: Hei hi Satellite khawl inzarpharh tanna a ni. Atmosphere (boruak chhah lai) a pelh hnuin satellite lo humhhimtu a chhipa phaw (fairing) kha a inhawng a, satellite chu boruak ruakah a lo lang ta a ni.
4. Insertion: Hei hi Satellite awmna hmun tur dik tak thlenpuina a ni.Engine hnuhnung ber a mih(stop) hnuin satellite chu a awmna hmun dik tak (orbit) ah dah a ni a, hetah hian a solar panel leh antenna te a rawn parh chhuak ta thin a ni. Centrifugal Force leh Gravity inhmurem tawk chiah tura balance fel taka a innghah hnuah khawl hrang hrang ten an hnathawh tur an thawk tan nghal thin.
VAN BORUAKA A AWMRENG THEIH DAN
Khawvel hian satellite hi Gravity (Lei Hipna) hmangin lei lamah a hip bet tlat a. Hetihlai hian satellite hian a ma chakna hmangin chak takin leihipna opposite lamah thlawh chhuah a tum ve thung a. Hei hi Centrifugal force an ti. Centrifugal Force leh Gravity hi inbuk tawk chiah tura siam anih avangin Satellite te hi leiah an rawn tla lova, vansang lamah an thlawk chhuaklo bawk. Zawi te te in khawvel an thlawh hual (orbit) ta tlut tlut mai a ni. Vawiin thleng hian vansang a Satellite inherkual dan leh kal dan hi Centrifugal Force leh Gravity inhmurem tawk chiah tura balance fel takah a innghat. Khawl felllo a awm a balance a hlauh chuan leiah a rawn tla emaw, vansang boruakah aa pilbo thin.
CHAKNA (POWER) A HMUH DAN
1. Nisa Chaktirna (Solar Energy): Chhun ni en laiin a thla kan tih mai solar panel lian pui pui te hi nisa lamah a lek chhuak a, Ni eng ațangin electric chakna Solar energy kan tih ang hi a siam chhuak thin.Hemi chakna hmang hian chhunah chuan han a thawk thin.
2. Batteries: Satellite hian Mobile phone leh electronics hmanraw dang ang bawkin Lithium-ion batteries battery thahnem tak a paipawn a. chhun lamah Mobile phone kan charge ang hian heng Batteries te hi a charge thin. Satellite hi khawvel hlimthla hnuai (a thim laiah) a luh changin solar panel hian hna a thawk thei lo a, chutiang hunah chuan chhun laia a lo khawl khawm tawh Lithium-ion batteries hmang hian a nung chhunzawm thin.
3. Nuclear Power: Deep Space Missions atan bikah chuan ni ațanga hla taka kal tur (Mars emaw a aia hla) te tan chuan nisa a chak tawk tawh loh vangin Nuclear Power an tih mai (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators - RTG) hman a ni thung.
LEI ATANGA SAN ZAWNG IN ANG LO TAK TAKA AN DAH CHHAN
Satellite te hian hna hrang hrang an thawh theih nan lei atanga an awmna hmun san zawng ruahman lawk vek a ni. He mi ang zel hian satellite chuan Lei a kal hual thin.Hemi kawng (Path) hi Orbit an ti. Orbit pawimawh pangnga (5) a awm.
1. VLEO (Very Low Earth Orbit): Altitude: 100–450 km. Lei hnaih ber Orbit a ni a, Communication delay a hniam ber. Earth image chiang takin a la thei Atmosphere avangin orbit a danglam theih vangin Orbit siamreng deuh reng a ngai.A hmanna:Thlalak fiah tha tak High-resolution satellite image.Military reconnaissance.Climate monitoring. Experimental communication. Satellite langsar zual te: GOCE (ESA).SLATS / Tsubame (Japan). SuperDove (Planet Labs)
2. LEO (Low Earth Orbit): Lei hnaih ber dawttu Orbit. Altitude160–2,000 km. Latency a hniam (20–40 ms). Minute 90–120 chhungin a helkual hman.Satellite tam tak dah theih. A hmanna: Khawvel pum huapa Broadband Internet connection pekna. Earth Observation. Weather Monitoring, Space Research. Remote Sensing atana hman a ni. Satellite langsar zual te: Starlink. International Space Station (ISS). OneWeb. India Satellite (Cartosat-3. RISAT-2B. EOS-04. Oceansat-3. Resourcesat-2A)
3. MEO (Medium Earth Orbit): Altitude 2,000–35,786 km. Latency a tlem. Satellite Area cover theih a zau.Satellite a dam rei. A hmanna: GPS. Navigation. Communication. Satellite langsar zual te: GPS (USA). Galileo (Europe).GLONASS (Russia). India Satellite ( NavIC (IRNSS). NVS-01.NVS-02)
4. GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit): Altitude: 35,786 km. Lei vir rual zela lei hualtu Orbit nghet nei . Lei hmun pakhat chungah a ding reng angin a lang. Latency a sang Satellite pakhatin lei hmun thum a thena hmun khat a huam. Satellite pathumin khawvel a tuam phak. A hmanna:Television Broadcasting. Satellite Internet.Weather Forecast. Disaster Communication. Satellite langsar zualte: GOES-19. INSAT-3DS. Intelsat-20. Hetiang Satellite hi India in a siam hnem ber te an ni. A langsar zual te chu GSAT-11.. GSAT-29. GSAT-30. INSAT-3DS. INSAT-3DR. INSAT-4A. GSAT-7. GSAT-7A. GSAT-7B. EDUSAT (GSAT-3)
5. HEO (Highly Elliptical Orbit): Altitude 500 km-40,000 km. Kalkawng(Orbit) an thlak kual reng thin.Polar Region-ah rei tak a awmLatitude sang hmun atan a tha. Communication delay a danglam reng. A hmanna: Arctic Communication. Polar Observation. Military Surveillance. Scientific Mission. Satellite langsar zual te: Molniya. Arktika-M. Sirius XM. India hian tun dinhmunah HEO orbit-ah operational satellite a la neilo.
ORBIT HRANG HRANGA A AWM TE HNATHAWH DAN TLANGPUI:
Orbit hrang hrangah satellite dah a nih chhan chu hna hrang hrang an thawh theih nan a ni.
VLEO: Earth image chiang tak lakna.
LEO: Internet, Space Research leh Earth Observation.
MEO: GPS leh Navigation.
GEO:Television, Weather Forecast leh Satellite Communication.
HEO: Polar Region Communication leh Scientific Mission.
LEI ATANGA AN THUNUN DAN
Khawvel hmun hrang hranga awm Ground Stations (Antenna lian pui pui nei) ațangin satellite te hi ni tin zan tin an vil reng a. A hriselna te, a kalna hmun te leh a hna thawh dan te computer hmangin an thunun vek thin. Satellite te hi khawl dang ang bawka chhe thei leh thih hun(Expire) nei an ni a, hetiang hian an ti thin.Khawvel hnaia awm te chu khawvel boruak chhah laiah rawn tlak thlak tirin, lei rawn thleng lovin boruak alh chuan a kang ral vek thin.Tin, Van sang taka awm Geostationary orbit ( 35,786 km) te chu an thih hma fuel tlem an la neih hmangin hla takah satellite thlanmual (Graveyard Orbit) lamah an nawr chho vawn vawn thin.
VLEO: Earth image chiang tak lakna.
LEO: Internet, Space Research leh Earth Observation.
MEO: GPS leh Navigation.
GEO:Television, Weather Forecast leh Satellite Communication.
HEO: Polar Region Communication leh Scientific Mission.
LEI ATANGA AN THUNUN DAN
Khawvel hmun hrang hranga awm Ground Stations (Antenna lian pui pui nei) ațangin satellite te hi ni tin zan tin an vil reng a. A hriselna te, a kalna hmun te leh a hna thawh dan te computer hmangin an thunun vek thin. Satellite te hi khawl dang ang bawka chhe thei leh thih hun(Expire) nei an ni a, hetiang hian an ti thin.Khawvel hnaia awm te chu khawvel boruak chhah laiah rawn tlak thlak tirin, lei rawn thleng lovin boruak alh chuan a kang ral vek thin.Tin, Van sang taka awm Geostationary orbit ( 35,786 km) te chu an thih hma fuel tlem an la neih hmangin hla takah satellite thlanmual (Graveyard Orbit) lamah an nawr chho vawn vawn thin.
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