Er. Chhungpuia Renthlei
Senior Technical Officer, NIELIT Aizawl
A hmasa in WWW (World Wide Web) chung chang tlem han tarlang lawk ang aw. Mi nawlpui ten WWW ti a kan hriat tlanglawn ah hian Websites thuah thum a awm a, chung te chu Surface Web, Deep Web leh Dark Web te an ni.
Surface Web hi WWW pawn lang ber an ni. Internet a Website 5% vel chauh hi surface Web an ni. Search engine ( Google, Yahoo, Bing, DuckDuckGo) hmanga awlsam taka web kan zawn hmuh zung zung theih te an ni. User ID leh password tel kher lova duh hun hun kan tlawh theih an ni. Mi nawlpui ten kan tlawh ngun leh kan hman tangkai tak tak te heng: Google, Amazon,Wikipedia, Regular blogging websites, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram leh internet a i thil hmuh tam ber te kha an ni.
Deep Web hi WWW thuah hnihna a awm an ni. Hidden Web / Invisible Web an ti bawk. Internet 90-96% hi Deep Web a ni. Surface web anga duh hun huna visit theih leh Search engine hmanga zawn hmuh theih an nilo. Internet hmangtu leh search engines lakah thuhruk tlat a ni. User ID leh password hmang chauhva tlawh theih an ni. Tunlaia kan hman tangkai leh hriat lar tak tak: email, online banking accounts, private social media accounts e.t.c ang chi te hi Deep Web an ni. Social media platforms a private thu post, Document pawimawh i.e. Banking Records, Medical Records dah khawmna leh financial transaction tihna atan hman a ni. Deep Web langsar zual te chu :-email, subscription content (like Netflix), online banking, Health Record databases, internal company networks, non-public social media pages e.t.c te an ni.
Dark Web han thlur bing tawh ang aw. Dark Web hi World Wide Web (WWW) zinga Deep web biru lai ber awm, internet hmangtu te laka thuhruk tlat a ni. Website tam tak a awm a, private servers atanga thunun vek an ni. Message te hi end to end encryption hmanga thuhruk vek a ni bawk.. Website dang anglo taka Protocol nei anih avangin Internet Search Engines Google or Bing ten an zawng hmu theilo. Dark Web tlawh tur hian a bik taka siam browser hman a ngai. Chung zingah chuan free & open-source software chi khat, Tor(The Onion Router) hi a lar hle. Dark Web zawn chhuah nana Search Engine an hman langsar zual te chu Ahmia, Deep Search, Torch, Haystack, leh Dark Search te hi an ni.
Tin, Dark Web hi website pangngai ang lo takin internet hmangtu te lakah thuhruk leh khauh taka venhim (encrypted) vek a ni. Hei vang hian Sorkar tan pawh thunun theih ani lo. Spy leh sorkar phal loh black market hrang hrang ruihhlo leh ralthuam lama insumdawn tawn nan an hmang nasa hle. Smart phone leh computer tibuaitu ( Spam & phishing attacks)te hi web marketplace atanga rawn intan a ni. Dark web a an virus siam te hi copy a, Surface web ah an thehdarh thin.
Dark web hi kum 1990 chho vel ah khan US Department of Defense hnuaia research organizations pawl pahnih ten US spies te inbiakna venhimna tura an duan a ni. United States Department of Defense chuan ven thawn nei hauh lova inbiaktawn nan an hmang thin. Tin, organization leh mimal thuruk dah nan an hmang bawk. Internet mipui tana hman theiha siam anih hnu ah Kum 2000 chho vel daih tawh khan University of Edinburgh zirlai pakhat Ian Clarke-an Freenet ti a vuah "Distributed Decentralised Information Storage and Retrieval System." thesis project a release atangindark web hi hriat lar chhoh a ni.
Internet hmangtu kan pun chho zel a, a thalo zawnga hmanna a tam tial tial a. Cyber criminal te chuan an thil ruk dahkhawmna leh hralh nan an hmang a. Internet censorship leh Sorkar thununna piah lam anih avangin black market atan te, ralthuam hralh ruk nan te an hmang chho zel a ni ber mai.
Tin, man chawia midang account an hack sak tirna website a awm bawk. Entirnan: Hack-Rent-A-Hacker hi Facebook account hackna ber pakhat a ni. Rs.22,502 vel chawiin midang face book account an hack sak thin. Dark Web ah hian Cyber criminal ho ten an thil ruk a chhep khawm teuh thin bawk a. Eng pawh lei theih in a awm a ni ber a. Chung zinga langsar zual te leh a man (US Dollor) chu: Credit card data ($20 –$120), Payment processing services ($10 –$800), Crypto accounts ($90 –$250), Hacking services($5 –$40), Forged documents (scans) ($25 –$165), Forged documents (physical) ($150 – $6,500), DDoS attacks ($50 – $850).
Kumin 2024 thleng hian Avast chhut danin Dark Web ah hian website singkhat vel a awm. A tam ber chu sorkar phal loh sumdawnna website a ni. Nikum 2023 April thla khan nikhat a Dark Web hmangtu leh tlawhtu te hi chawhrualin 2.7 million an tling.
Hetih lai hian, Dark Web hi venhimna a khauh em avangin a him em em a, a hmanna tangkai tak a awm teuh bawk.Chung zinga website langsar zual te chu :
- Impreza Hosting: Hei hi him taka domain names, host email services web hosting leh midang hawh tura servers service a ni.
- Dark Lair: Dark web chhunga Social media platform a ni. WhatsApp leh Facebook ang hian thu/ photo post, comments, share theihna a ni.Tunah pawh hian Message sing tam tak an inthawn mek ang!
- Deep Web Radio: Dark web chhunga Music streaming na a ni.
- Imperial Library: Digital Library lian tak Lehkhabu leh thuziak hrang hrang 500,000 lai a awm.
- Pro Publica & Facebook Onion Site: Pro Publica hi khuahkhirhna khirh tak (Myanmar, China, Korea e.t.c) ram a mipui ten sorkar hriat chhuah theih loh tura chanchinbu mite hnena thu an post na a ni. Facebook Onion Site hi Facebook hman phal lohna ram miten a ruka sorkar hriat lohva facebook an hman theihna a ni.
- BBC Tor Mirror: BBC(British Broad Casting) an khapna ram (North Korea or China) ang chi a BBC news thlir theih nan BC news website onion site a ni. BBC onion site is hi UK chauh nilo, international edition a ni.
Thlirna tlang dang atanga thlir chuan Dark Web hi security a khauh tha em em a, Website hmangtu te thuruk leh privacy a venghim hle. Mimal leh sorkar confidential Documents him takin a dah theih. Midang hriat loh turin ngaihngam takin a inbiaktawn theih. Entirnan: COVID-19 hunlai te khan China sorkar chuan mipui leh doctor te Covid chung chang thu thehdarh lo turin a khuah khirh nasa em em a. Internet website pangngaiah engmah an sawichhuak ngamlo. Dark Web hi a him tih an hria a, an vei zawng leh thu thar journalist hnenah an post thin.
Tin, Dark web hi sorkar khuahkhirhna khauh taka cheng mipui ten an tangkaipui hle. Software engemaw zat hi ram thenkhatah hman an khap thin. Facebook pawh hi July 2022 atang khan China, Iran, North Korea, Myanmar, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uganda. China, Russia leh Iran ah te hman khap a ni. Heng mipui tan hian Facebook chuan dark web ah official mirror website a siam a. tunah hian sorkar chhui chhuah theih lohvin zalen takin an hmang mek a ni. Software company engemaw zat pawhin hetiang hian an siam ve bawk.
Dark Web hi Deep Web chhunga hmun biru lai tlem te chauh a ni nachungin a hlauhawmna leh that lohna lam sawi a atam hle. Hetih lai hian Sorkar leh company te chuan data pawimawh tak tak dahkhawm nan an hmang ve mek bawk. Him taka a tlawhna tur bika ruahman TORNADO emaw, crawler hman erawh chuan information hlu leh tangkai tak hmuh tur a tam mai. Heivang hian company or government agency tan pawh a hlauhawm zia pholan thiam leh tangkai taka hman thiam a pawimawh hle awm e.
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